COMPARISON OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS AND NOT UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS
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Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a critical medical condition characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, often necessitating hospitalization and, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy (RRT) such as haemodialysis. AKI carries significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where resource constraints may delay appropriate intervention. This study aimed to compare the clinical profile, biochemical parameters, and outcomes of AKI patients undergoing haemodialysis with those managed conservatively.
Methods: A prospective, observational, comparative study was conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangar, Dewas (M.P), over 18 months. Fifty-two adult patients diagnosed with AKI (per KDIGO 2012 criteria) were enrolled and categorized into two groups: Group A (haemodialysis) and Group B (non-haemodialysis). Clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcomes (recovery, progression to CKD, or in-hospital mortality) were recorded and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: Patients in the haemodialysis group had significantly higher serum urea (212.38 ± 18.86 mg/dL), creatinine (12.25 ± 1.12 mg/dL), and potassium levels (5.59 ± 0.52 mmol/L), along with lower hemoglobin (9.80 ± 0.96 g/dL) compared to the non-haemodialysis group (p < 0.001 for all). Systemic symptoms such as fever, sepsis, and hypovolemia were also more prevalent. Outcomes were significantly poorer in the dialysis group, with 26.9% mortality and 46.2% progressing to CKD, whereas 76.9% of non-dialysis patients achieved full recovery (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Haemodialysis in AKI is associated with more severe clinical and biochemical profiles and poorer outcomes. Early recognition and risk stratification are essential to optimize management and improve renal recovery.
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Dr Rakesh Romday
Professor & Head of Department, Department of General Medicine, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangar, Dewas (M.P)
Dr Garvit Arora
PG Resident, Department of General Medicine, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangar, Dewas (M.P)