VANCOMYCIN AND DAPTOMYCIN SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Main Article Content
Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, VISA, VRSA, Vancomycin, Daptomycin
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections. Due to the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant strains, the effectiveness of vancomycin—traditionally the drug of choice—is being challenged. Daptomycin has emerged as a potent alternative for MRSA treatment. This study evaluates the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin and daptomycin among MRSA clinical isolates.
Methods: A total of 209 S. aureus strains were isolated from various clinical specimens and identified using standard microbiological procedures. Methicillin resistance was determined via cefoxitin disc diffusion, while susceptibility to vancomycin and daptomycin was assessed using the E-test strip method, following CLSI guidelines.
Results: Out of 209 S. aureus isolates, 108 (52%) were identified as MRSA, and 101 (48%) as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin.
Conclusion: MRSA prevalence remains high, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance. Both vancomycin and daptomycin remain effective against MRSA isolates. However, given the global emergence of resistant strains, judicious antibiotic use and continuous monitoring are essential.
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29. Sharma S, Mall A. The prevalence, antibiogram and characterisationof methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among the patients from the Doon Valley hospitals. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2011 Oct 9;5(21):3446-51.
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31. Tiwari HK, Sapkota D, Sen MR. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA in a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Infection and drug resistance. 2008 Nov 30:57-61.
32. Alli OT, Ogbolu DO, Mustapha JO, Akinbami R, Ajayi AO. The non-association of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and mecA genes in the genome of Staphylococcus aureus from hospitals in South Western Nigeria. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2012 Apr 1;30(2):159-64.
33. Arora S, Devi P, Arora U, Devi B. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2010 Jul;2(02):078-81.
34. Cosgrove SE, Sakoulas G, Perencevich EN, Schwaber MJ, Karchmer AW, Carmeli Y. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clinical infectious diseases. 2003 Jan 1;36(1):53-9.
35. Sireesha P, Setty CR. Detection of various types of resistance patterns and their correlation with minimal inhibitory concentrations against clindamycin among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2012 Apr 1;30(2):165-9.
36. Rajaduraipandi K, Mani KR, Panneerselvam K, Mani M, Bhaskar M, Manikandan P. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A multicentre study. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2006 Jan 1;24(1):34-8.
37. Husain A, Rawat V, Kumar M, Verma PK. Vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin susceptibility pattern among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Sub-Himalyan Center. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2018 Apr;10(02):145-8.
38. Niveditha N, Sujatha S. Worrisome trends in rising minimum inhibitory concentration values of antibiotics against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Insights from a tertiary care center, South India. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2015 Nov;19:585-9.
2. Bhunia AK, Bhunia AK. Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Microbial Pathogens: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis. 2018:181-92.
3. Gopikrishnan M, Haryini S. Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 2024 May;64(5):2300579.
4. Lade H, Kim JS. Molecular determinants of β-lactam resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): an updated review. Antibiotics. 2023 Aug 24;12(9):1362.
5. Pal M, Reubma T, Regessa T, Zende R. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Mrsa) Remains a Major Threat to Public Health. American Journal of Public Health Research. 2024;12(3):48-53.
6. Sarkar P, Yarlagadda V, Ghosh C, Haldar J. A review on cell wall synthesis inhibitors with an emphasis on glycopeptide antibiotics. Medchemcomm. 2017;8(3):516-33.
7. Chung G, Cha J, Han S, Jang H, Yoo J, Kim H, Kim B, Lee YS, Park O, Eun S, Yoo J. Nationwide surveillance Study of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains in Korean Hospitals from 2001 to 2006. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. 2010 Mar.
8. Hiramatsu K, Kayayama Y, Matsuo M, Aiba Y, Saito M, Hishinuma T, Iwamoto A. Vancomycin-intermediate resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of global antimicrobial resistance. 2014 Dec 1;2(4):213-24.
9. Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DM. Vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 21;11(1):24.
10. Blechman SE, Wright ES. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) can overcome the cost of antibiotic resistance and may threaten vancomycin’s clinical durability. Plos Pathogens. 2024 Aug 29;20(8):e1012422.
11. Hair PI, Keam SJ. Daptomycin: a review of its use in the management of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Drugs. 2007 Jul;67:1483-512.
12. Dhand A, Sakoulas G. Daptomycin in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clinical Therapeutics. 2014 Oct 1;36(10):1303-16.
13. García de la Mària C, Cañas MA, Fernández-Pittol M, Dahl A, García-González J, Hernández-Meneses M, Cuervo G, Moreno A, Miró JM, Marco F. Emerging issues on Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and the role in therapy of daptomycin plus fosfomycin. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2023 Mar 4;21(3):281-93.
14. Eisenstein BI. Use of daptomycin for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery. 2007 Nov 1;2(11):1523-36.
15. Assar NH. Emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics in clinical isolates of staphylococci with special reference to daptomycin and linezolid. Egyptian Journal of medical microbiology. 2021 Jan 1;30(1):191-9.
16. Husain A, Rawat V, Kumar M, Verma PK. Vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin susceptibility pattern among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Sub-Himalyan Center. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2018 Apr;10(02):145-8.
17. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2018. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard—10th ed. M07-A11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
18. Foster TJ. Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Current status and future prospects. FEMS microbiology reviews. 2017 May 1;41(3):430-49.
19. Livermore DM. Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2000 Nov 1;16:3-10.
20. Majumder D, Bordoloi JS, Phukan AC, Mahanta J. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus isolates in Assam. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2001 Jul 1;19(3):138-40.
21. Bouchiat C, El-Zeenni N, Chakrakodi B, Nagaraj S, Arakere G, Etienne J. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in Bangalore, India: emergence of the ST217 clone and high rate of resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in the community. New microbes and new infections. 2015 Sep 1;7:15-20.
22. Subedi S, Brahmadathan KN. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Nepal. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2005 Mar 1;11(3):235-7.
23. Pandey S, Raza MS, Bhatta CP. Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus aureus in Kathmandu Medical College-Teaching Hospital. Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal. 2012;34(1):13-7.
24. Verma S, Joshi S, Chitnis V, Hemwani N, Chitnis D. Growing problem of methicillin resistant staphylococci--Indian scenario. Indian journal of medical sciences. 2000 Dec 1;54(12):535-40.
25. Rao BN, Srinivas B. A prospective study of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a teaching hospital of rural setup; 2012.
26. Lohan K, Sangwan J, Mane P, Lathwal S. Prevalence pattern of MRSA from a rural medical college of North India: A cause of concern. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10 (2), 752-7 [Internet].
27. Deotale V, Mendiratta DK, Raut U, Narang P. Inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2010 Apr 1;28(2):124-6.
28. Buzaid N, Elzouki AN, Taher I, Ghenghesh KS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary surgical and trauma hospital in Benghazi, Libya. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2011 Oct 10;5(10):723-6.
29. Sharma S, Mall A. The prevalence, antibiogram and characterisationof methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among the patients from the Doon Valley hospitals. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2011 Oct 9;5(21):3446-51.
30. Mallick SK, Basak S. MRSA–too many hurdles to overcome: a study from Central India. Tropical doctor. 2010 Apr;40(2):108-10.
31. Tiwari HK, Sapkota D, Sen MR. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA in a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Infection and drug resistance. 2008 Nov 30:57-61.
32. Alli OT, Ogbolu DO, Mustapha JO, Akinbami R, Ajayi AO. The non-association of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and mecA genes in the genome of Staphylococcus aureus from hospitals in South Western Nigeria. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2012 Apr 1;30(2):159-64.
33. Arora S, Devi P, Arora U, Devi B. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2010 Jul;2(02):078-81.
34. Cosgrove SE, Sakoulas G, Perencevich EN, Schwaber MJ, Karchmer AW, Carmeli Y. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis. Clinical infectious diseases. 2003 Jan 1;36(1):53-9.
35. Sireesha P, Setty CR. Detection of various types of resistance patterns and their correlation with minimal inhibitory concentrations against clindamycin among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2012 Apr 1;30(2):165-9.
36. Rajaduraipandi K, Mani KR, Panneerselvam K, Mani M, Bhaskar M, Manikandan P. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A multicentre study. Indian journal of medical microbiology. 2006 Jan 1;24(1):34-8.
37. Husain A, Rawat V, Kumar M, Verma PK. Vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin susceptibility pattern among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Sub-Himalyan Center. Journal of laboratory physicians. 2018 Apr;10(02):145-8.
38. Niveditha N, Sujatha S. Worrisome trends in rising minimum inhibitory concentration values of antibiotics against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Insights from a tertiary care center, South India. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2015 Nov;19:585-9.
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Nov 20, 2024
Article Details
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Dr. T. Sankaranarayanan, Dr. S. Swarna, Dr. S.Nithyagomatheswari, Dr T. Jeyaurugan, V. Kalaivani, & Dr. S. Punitharanjitham. (2024). VANCOMYCIN AND DAPTOMYCIN SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(11), 2452-2460. https://doi.org/10.53555/779sm641
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Author Biographies
Dr. S. Swarna
Associate professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr. S. Nithyagomatheswari
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr T. Jeyaurugan
Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, Government Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
V. Kalaivani
Professor & Vice principal, Department of Microbiology, Government Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dr. S. Punitharanjitham
Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
How to Cite
Dr. T. Sankaranarayanan, Dr. S. Swarna, Dr. S.Nithyagomatheswari, Dr T. Jeyaurugan, V. Kalaivani, & Dr. S. Punitharanjitham. (2024). VANCOMYCIN AND DAPTOMYCIN SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AMONG CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(11), 2452-2460. https://doi.org/10.53555/779sm641