IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF CD8+T LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PROGNOSIS OF INFILTRATING DUCTAL CARCINOMA BREAST
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Keywords
Breast carcinoma, CD8+T lymphocytes, immunosurviellance.
Abstract
Background: Breast carcinomas are often infiltrated by inflammatory cells, particularly T lymphocytes and macrophages, but significance of these cells remain unclear. One possible role of these inflammatory cells is that they produce a cell mediated immune response against the malignant cells. CD8+T lymphocytes are a known crucial component of cell mediated immunity. Cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes attach to tumor cells through major histocompatibility complex class-I on their surface. This leads to production of interferon gamma after interaction with tumor target and produces apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition, angiostasis and induction of macrophages which suppress the tumor growth.The accepted parameters for predicting the prognosis of breast carcinoma are grading and staging of tumor.
Objectives: To study the correlation between the CD8+ T lymphocyte density and histological grading of breast carcinoma. It also aims to compare the frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes in breast carcinoma and benign proliferative breast lesions.
Method: Tissue blocks from 40 cases diagnosed as Invasive breast carcinoma NST(No special type) along with 20 benign proliferative breast lesions were included in the study. Histological grading was done based on Modified Bloom and Richardson grading system for invasive ductal carcinoma. All the 60 cases were immunostained with CD8 antibody and density of CD8+ T lymphocytes were semi-quantitatively graded according to Kreik et al[11].
Conclusion: Among the 40 cases of Invasive breast carcinoma NST, 90% cases showed CD8+T lymphocytes. 60% cases have moderate, 17.5% have minimal and 12.5% cases have extensive lymphocytic infiltrate. In the benign lesions, 50% cases showed the presence of CD8+T lymphocytic infiltrate, in which 30% showed minimal infiltrate and 20% showed moderate infiltrate. The densities of CD8+T lymphocytes were high in higher histological grades of the tumor. On comparing the density of lymphocytes with the stage of tumor, extensive infiltrates were noted in early stages of tumor and the distribution of these infiltrate were in peritumoral pattern.
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Dr. Miriam Joseph
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Kottayam, Kerala, India.