NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: A NEXT-GENERATION LIPID-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEM
Main Article Content
Keywords
Nanosystem, Stability, Drug Entrapment, Bioavailability, Drug delivery
Abstract
Background: Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are advanced lipid-based nanocarriers developed to address the limitations of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), such as low drug loading and drug expulsion during storage. The inclusion of both solid and liquid lipids in NLCs leads to a disordered internal matrix either imperfect or amorphous enhancing drug entrapment, stability, and enabling controlled drug release.
Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the classification, composition, preparation methods, and pharmaceutical potential of NLCs. It emphasizes structural types (imperfect, amorphous, and multiple-type NLCs), their critical components (solid lipids, liquid lipids, surfactants), and their mechanisms for improving drug delivery and bioavailability.
Methodology: A literature-based analysis is conducted to review various formulation strategies and preparation techniques for NLCs. Key physicochemical parameters such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and drug encapsulation efficiency are discussed in terms of their impact on formulation performance.
Expected Outcomes: NLCs are shown to enhance bioavailability through improved solubility, increased permeability across skin and mucosal barriers, and lymphatic uptake. Their biodegradability, scalability, and ability to support site-specific delivery make them suitable for oral, topical, transdermal routes.
Conclusion: NLCs offer significant potential as next-generation drug delivery systems. While challenges such as cytotoxicity and surfactant-related hypersensitivity exist, ongoing innovations in lipid selection and formulation highlight their growing role in advancing pharmaceutical delivery for a wide range of therapeutic agents.
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2. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Structure, Preparation and Application. Nanomedicine. 2023;18(4):567–589. doi:10.2217/nnm-2023-0034
3. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)-Based Topical Formulation of Natural Bioactive Compounds. Int J Nanomedicine. 2025;20:45–60. doi:10.2147/IJN.S40284473
4. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Natural Bioactive Compounds: An Overview. J Control Release. 2022;345:50–67. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.011
5. Nanostructured lipid carriers: A prospective dermal drug delivery system. Pharmacia. 2023;70(1):15–26. doi:10.3897/pharmacia.70.e115849
6. Advancements and Challenges of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Drug Delivery: A Special Emphasis on Nose-to-Brain Targeting. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(3):289–310. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16030289
7. An Overview of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and Its Application in Drug Delivery through Different Routes. Res Pharm Sci. 2024;19(1):1–16. doi:10.34172/apb.2023.056
8. Insight into central nervous system targeted nanostructured lipid carriers via intranasal route: Recent advances and future perspectives. J Mater Chem B. 2024;12(15):2900–2915. doi:10.1039/D4PM00057A
9. Beloqui, A., Solinís, M. Á., Rodríguez-Gascón, A., Almeida, A. J., & Préat, V. (2020). Nanostructured lipid carriers: Promising drug delivery systems for future clinics. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 29, 102280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2020.102280.
10. Sun, M., Wu, C., Liu, Z., & Kong, L. (2020). Advantages of nanostructured lipid carriers in anti-tumor drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 588, 119736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119736.
11. Tamjidi, F., Shahedi, M., Varshosaz, J., & Nasirpour, A. (2021). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): A potential delivery system for bioactive food molecules. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 69, 102646.
12. Rahman, M., Cao, S., & Yao, J. (2022). Recent advances in the fabrication and application of nanostructured lipid carriers for oral drug delivery. Pharmaceutical Research, 39(2), 215–230.
13. Wang, L., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., & Sun, C. (2023). Industrial scale-up challenges and strategies of nanostructured lipid carriers: Current perspectives. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 200, 114050.
14. da Silva, S. B., Oliveira, A. F., & Granja, A. (2022). Safety evaluation and cytotoxicity of lipid-based nanoparticles: Current challenges. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 210, 112230.
15. Rigon, R. B., Aires, A., Guterres, S. S., & Pohlmann, A. R. (2021). Surfactant toxicity in lipid nanoparticles: A review. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 17(4), 726–738.
16. Rehman, M. U., et al. (2024). Translational challenges of nanostructured lipid carriers in clinical practice: A systematic review. Journal of Controlled Release, 362, 404–420.
17. Viegas C, Patrício AB, Prata JM, Nadhman A, Chintamaneni PK, Fonte P. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles vs. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Comparative Review. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(6):1593. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061593.
18. Naseri N, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Structure, Preparation and Application. Adv Pharm Bull. 2015;5(3):305–313. doi:10.15171/apb.2015.043.
19. Bhargava K, Conti DS, da Rocha SRP, Zhang Y. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2015;15(9):6734–6745. doi:10.1166/jnn.2015.10457.
20. Elmowafy, M., & Al-Sanea, M. M. (2021). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as drug delivery platform: Advances in formulation and delivery strategies. Journal of Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.015
21. Supriya S. N., Priya P. P., Ankita B. W., &Kayande K. (2021). Nanostructured lipid carriers: A promising approach for topical drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, 6(7), 81-101. ISSN: 2519-9889. DOI: 10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i07.007
22. Amandeep, & Manchanda, R. (2019). Nanostructured lipid carriers: A novel drug delivery system. International Journal of Current Trends in Research & Review, 12(1), 75-86. ISSN: 0974-4290 (Print), 2455-9555 (Online). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/IJCTR.2019.120108
23. Tej KVM, Moin A, Gowda DV, Anjali, Karunakar G, Patel NP, Kamal SS. Nanostructured lipid carrier-based drug delivery system. J Chem Pharm Res. 2016;8(2):627-643. ISSN: 0975-7384. CODEN(USA): JCPRC5.
24. Muller, R. H. (2005). Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) in Cosmetic and Dermatological Preparations. ChemInform, 36(27). doi:10.1002/chin.200527273
25. Pal S, Prajapati RN, Bijauliya RK, Sonam, Singh B. Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) - An Overview. [Submission: 23 February 2020; Accepted: 29 February 2020; Published: 30 March 2020]
26. Karnati VC, Gupta NV, Kanna S. Nanostructured lipid carriers: the frontiers in drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2019;12(7):Online - 2455-3891, Print - 0974-2441. Received: 12 April 2019, Revised and Accepted: 14 May 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i7.33595.
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Jan 12, 2022
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Ms. Sandhyarani Sagavkar, & Dr. Kishor Gujar. (2022). NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: A NEXT-GENERATION LIPID-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEM. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(01), 699-721. https://doi.org/10.53555/478yvf12
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Author Biographies
Ms. Sandhyarani Sagavkar
Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, S.No. 44/1, Vadgaon (Bk.), Off Sinhgad Road, Pune (M.S.), India 411 041,
Dr. Kishor Gujar
Dept. of Pharmaceutics, STES’s Sinhgad College of Pharmacy ,Vadgaon (Bk.) Pune
How to Cite
Ms. Sandhyarani Sagavkar, & Dr. Kishor Gujar. (2022). NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: A NEXT-GENERATION LIPID-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEM. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(01), 699-721. https://doi.org/10.53555/478yvf12