POLYMERS AND PATCH TECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Transdermal, Micro-reservoirs, Vapor-patch, Permeation-enhancer, Transdermal-Polymer
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are advanced therapeutic platforms designed to deliver drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They offer several advantages over traditional routes, such as oral or injectable administration, including avoidance of first-pass metabolism, sustained and controlled drug release, reduced dosing frequency, and enhanced patient compliance. The effectiveness of TDDS is largely dependent on its key components like, the choice of polymers, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA), penetration enhancers, membranes, backing layers, and release liners. Each component contributes uniquely to the overall performance, with polymers playing a particularly crucial role. The incorporation of PSAs ensures intimate skin contact, while penetration enhancers temporarily reduce the stratum corneum barrier to increase drug permeation. Polymers form the matrix or reservoir that governs drug entrapment, release, and stability. Their physicochemical properties - such as molecular weight, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, and compatibility with the drug and other excipients - significantly influence drug diffusion rates and therapeutic outcomes. A balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic polymer blend is essential to modulate drug release, ensuring neither a burst release nor overly slow diffusion. Among the various types of transdermal patches, matrix-type drug-in-adhesive patches are generally preferred due to their simple design, ease of manufacturing, uniform drug distribution, and reliable adhesion to the skin. These patches integrate the drug within a polymer-adhesive matrix, eliminating the need for a separate reservoir or membrane. Other types, such as reservoirs, micro-reservoirs, and vapor patches, are also used based on specific therapeutic goals but involve more complex fabrication. Recent advancements in patch design and permeation technologies continue to enhance the efficiency and applicability of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) across a wide range of therapeutic areas. This review highlights the essential components and design considerations critical to optimizing TDDS performance. TDDS continues to evolve, expanding its application across diverse medical conditions.
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Jun 04, 2025
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Susmita Ghosh, Soumik Bhunia, Souvik De, Arunima Nag, Annesha Chakraborty, Trisha Chatterjee, & Raja Majumder. (2025). POLYMERS AND PATCH TECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(5), 170-196. https://doi.org/10.53555/0w2pje91
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Author Biographies
Susmita Ghosh
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102
Soumik Bhunia
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102
Souvik De
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102
Arunima Nag
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102
Annesha Chakraborty
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102
Trisha Chatterjee
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102
Raja Majumder
Assistant Professor Bengal School of Technology Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal India, 712102
How to Cite
Susmita Ghosh, Soumik Bhunia, Souvik De, Arunima Nag, Annesha Chakraborty, Trisha Chatterjee, & Raja Majumder. (2025). POLYMERS AND PATCH TECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(5), 170-196. https://doi.org/10.53555/0w2pje91