SPECTRUM OF GRANULOMATOUS LESIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF JAMMU - A 03 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Abstract

Background:  Granulomas are the commonest lesions that the pathologist come across in routine practice. Granulomatous inflammation is a special type of chronic inflammation that is a manifestation of many infective, toxic, allergic, autoimmune, and neoplastic disease and conditions of unknown etiology.

Materials and methods:  This retrospective study included a total of 110 granulomatous lesions received over a period of 3 years from 31st August 2024 to 1st September 2021 in the Department of pathology, GMC Jammu. Diagnosis was confirmed by studying haematoxylin and eosin slides along with the special stains wherever required. The relevant clinical details and laboratory investigations were collected from the hospital case sheets and histopathological requisition forms.

Results:  out of 110 cases, the most common type of granulomatous inflammation observed was tuberculosis accounting for (30%) of the cases, followed by leprosy (20%), foreign body granuloma

(18.1%) and other causes including sarcoidosis and fungal infections.  Lymph node were the most frequently involved sites followed by skin and lungs.

Conclusion: This 3-year retrospective study highlights the predominance of infectious causes especially tuberculosis, in granulomatous disease in our region. Histopathological examination remains a critical tool in diagnosing and differentiating various types of granulomatous inflammation. Awareness of diverse histopathological presentation is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the conditions.