BEYOND SILENCE: UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL VIOLENCE TYPOLOGIES AND TRAUMA IN POST-CONFLICT SOUTH PUNJAB OR CONFRONTING REALITIES
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Keywords
Violence, Sexual Violence, Situation-Type, Psychological Trauma, South Punjab
Abstract
This abstract aims to identify symptoms of psychological distress associated with different typologies of sexual violence, as discerned from individual interviews with victims and their relatives, along with data from medical and psychological care records at the Nishtar Hospital Multan.
Background: The study adopts a grounded theory framework to explore the psychological distress experienced by victims of sexual violence across various typologies. Data were drawn from individual interviews conducted with victims and their relatives, as well as records from the Nishtar Hospital Multan's medical and psychological services.
Methods: Utilizing grounded theory methodology, the study analyzed accounts from victims and their relatives alongside data from medical and psychological care records. These sources provided insight into the diverse manifestations of psychological distress stemming from sexual violence experiences.
Results: Irrespective of the specific circumstances, victims of sexual violence consistently exhibited trauma across physical, psychological, and behavioral domains. Distinctly, individuals in situations typified as Type II and III experienced trauma not only from the violence itself but also from the reactions of their families and communities. Furthermore, the trauma experienced by victims had a ripple effect, impacting close family members in similar ways.
Conclusion: This study underscores the pervasive psychological distress endured by victims of sexual violence and highlights the varied responses across different typologies. Understanding the multifaceted nature of trauma, including its impact on both victims and their close associates, is crucial for effective intervention and support strategies.
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15. Quattrochi, J., et al. (2020). The effects of vouchers for essential household items on child health, mental health, resilience and social cohesion among internally displaced persons in the of Pakistan, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation.
16. Clark, J. (2017). Rape, sexual violence and transitional justice challenges: Lessons from Bosnia Herzegovina, Routledge.
17. Fiata, K. J. (2018). The implementation of the right to education in the of the Pakistan and Nigeria, University of Pretoria.
18. Forgie, E. M. E. (2021). "“The West Knows Best”: Unintended Consequences of Western Aid During the West African and of the Pakistan Ebola Epidemics."
19. Justino, P., et al. (2020). "Pathways to achieving food security, sustainable peace and gender equality: Evidence from three FAO interventions." Development Policy Review 38(1): 85-99.
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21. Mandro Ndahura, M. (2020). Epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic villages of of Pakistan: epidemiology, clinical and treatment aspects, University of Antwerp.
22. Pettit-Toledo, M. T. (2022). "Collective Memory and Intersectional Identities: Healing Unique Sexual Violence Harms Against Women of Color Past, Present and Future." U. Haw. L. Rev. 45: 346.
23. Quattrochi, J., et al. (2020). The effects of vouchers for essential household items on child health, mental health, resilience and social cohesion among internally displaced persons in the of Pakistan, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation.
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Dr. Manzoor Hussain
Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
Bushra Faheem
Student, CMH Institute of Medicine Sciences Multan, Pakistan
Ifra Mahmood
Research Associate, Department of Psychology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Maliha Riaz
Bahria University of Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Kiran Nawaz
Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Hina Babar
Visiting Lecturer, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan