COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS BETWEEN FORMULA MILK- FED INFANTS AND BREAST-FED INFANTS
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Keywords
Nutritional status, Breast-fed, formula-fed, infants
Abstract
Background: Nutritional support for infants is essential since it helps ensure they grow and develop normally in their first years of life. It is vital to understand the possible changes in the nutritional status of formula milk-fed newborns compared to breast.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional status of formula milk-fed infants and breastfed infants in Mardan, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed a sample of 100 infants, with 50 formula milk-fed infants and 50 breastfed infants at medical hospitals of district Mardan. Data was collected from 1 March 2023 to 30 May 2023 through a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the infants, which assessed demographic information, growth parameters (weight, length, and head circumference), and nutritional status (calcium, folate, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 levels). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: The study findings showed that breastfed infants had a higher proportion in the older age range (4 to 6 months) .Slightly higher proportion of male infants in both groups. Higher literacy rates was observed among mothers of breastfed infants. Breastfed infants exhibited higher weights and lengths above certain thresholds compared to formula milk-fed infants. Head circumference measurements were generally comparable. In terms of nutritional status, breastfed infants had a higher percentage of normal levels for calcium, folate, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 compared to formula milk-fed infants. However, formula milk-fed infants had a slightly higher proportion of infants with low calcium levels.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of breastfeeding in promoting optimal nutrition and healthy growth among the infants.
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Husna Wali
Department of Human Nutrition And Dietetics, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Habban Ullah
MBBS , Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan
Dr. Chanda Naseem
Department of Emerging Health Professional Technologies (FAHS).Superior University, Kot Araian, Lahore, Punjab,Pakistan.
Iqra Rasheed
Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences,University of Lahore,Lahore,Pakistan.
Maryam Asad Baig
Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences,University of Lahore,Lahore,Pakistan.
Ayesha Amjad
Department of Food and Nutrition, Gift University Gujranwala, Pakistan.
Muneeb Abid
CMH kharian medical college, kharian cantonment, Appiliated with national university of health sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Asna Tauqeer
University of Karachi.
Ammar Ijaz
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Per Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.