Phenotypic and Molecular Study of Pantoea spp. Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections among Pediatric Patients in Iraq
Main Article Content
Keywords
Pantoea spp., β-lactamase, blaTemR, blaSHV, MDR
Abstract
Pantoea spp. are Gram negative opportunistic pathogen capable of causing disease when the hosts immune system is weak or disrupted as a result of pathogens, accidents, etc. It is also closely related to the worldwide spread of infections. Out of 100 urine specimens collected from UTI pediatric patients, 53 (53%) were Gram-negative bacteria, and out of Gram negative bacteria 14 (14%) samples showed a positive result as Pantoea spp, 27 (27%) Gram-positive bacteria were observed. The remaining 20 (20%) showed no growth on the medium of MacConkey and the Blood Agar. The ability of Pantoea to removes the dark blue color of the iodine starch complex for detection of β-lactamase resistance phenotypes, only 12 isolates (85%) gave positive results. The results were as follows that out of the 14 Pantoea spp. isolates β-lactamase producers, 11/14 (78.5%) Pantoea spp. exhibited zones enhancement with clavulanic acid, confirming their ESBL production, by using disk combination method. The results of screening test revealed that 9/14 (64.3%) Pantoea spp. isolates gave positive ESBLs production test, since the inhibition zone of synergism has been recognized clearly, using disk approximation method. Genotypic detection for β-lactamase resistances used blaTEM, blaSHV genes for detection. The results revealed that out of 14 Pantoea spp were gave 4 (28.6%) for the blaSHV gene. The results of blaTEM indicated for positive amplification and it has been found that blaTEM gene is found in 12 (78.5%) Pantoea spp.
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3. Cunningham, D.J. and Marcon, M.J. (2012), “140 - Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea Species”, in Long, S.S. (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Fourth Edition), Elsevier, London, pp. 804–806.e1.
4. Hauben, L., Moore, E.R., Vauterin, L., Steenackers, M., Mergaert, J., Verdonck, L. and Swings, J. (1998), “Phylogenetic position of phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae”,
Systematic and Applied Microbiology, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 384–397.
5. Cruz, A.T., Cazacu, A.C. and Allen, C.H. (2007), “Pantoea agglomerans, a plant pathogen causing human disease”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 45 No. 6, pp. 1989–1992.
6. De Champs, C., Le Seaux, S. and Dubost, J.J. (2000), “Isolation of Pantoea agglomerans in Two Cases of Septic Monoarthritis after Plant Thorn and Wood Sliver Injuries”, Journal of Clinical, Am Soc Microbiol, available at: https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/jcm.38.1.460-461.2000.
7. Guevarra, R.B., Magez, S., Peeters, E., Chung, M.S., Kim, K.H. and Radwanska, M. (2021), “Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Pantoea agglomerans KM1, a potential opportunistic pathogen”, PloS One, Vol. 16 No. 1, p. e0239792.
8. Hoffman, S.B. (2016), “Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance”, Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, NIH Public Access, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 464–472.
9. Peterson, E. and Kaur, P. (2018), “Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria: Relationships Between Resistance Determinants of Antibiotic Producers, Environmental Bacteria, and Clinical Pathogens”, Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9, p. 2928.
10. Reygaert, W.C. (2018), “An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria”, AIMS Microbiology, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 482–501.
11. Ventola, C.L. (2015), “The antibiotic resistance crisis: causes and threats.”, P & T Journal, MediMedia, USA, Vol. 40 No. 4, pp. 277–283..
12. Collee, J.G.; Fraser, A.G.; Marmiom, B.P. and Simmon, A. (1996). Mackie and McCarteny Practical Medical Microbiology. 4th ed Churchill Livingstone Inc., USA Corvec.
13. Guido, F. and Pascale, F. (2005). Performance of the New VITEK 2 GP Card for Identification of Medically Relevant Gram-Positive Cocci in a Routine Clinical Laboratory. J Clin Microbiol, 43(1): 84-88 .
14. Shah, R. K., Ni, Z. H., Sun, X. Y., Wang, G. Q., & Li, F. (2017). The determination and correlation of various virulence genes, ESBL, serum bactericidal effect and biofilm formation of clinical isolated classical Klebsiella pneumoniae and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae from respiratory tract infected patients. Polish journal of microbiology, 66(4): 501-508.
15. Williams ,S.A.; Slatko, B .E. and McCarrey, J.R. (2007). Laboratory investigations in molecular biology. P.221.
16. Bartlett, J. M., & Stirling, D. (Eds.). (2003). PCR protocols (Vol. 226). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
17. Mishra, A., Ma, C. Q., & Bauerle, P. (2009). Functional oligothiophenes: molecular design for multidimensional nanoarchitectures and their applications. Chemical reviews, 109(3): 1141-1276.
18. Koneman, E. W.; Allen, S. D.; Janda, W.M.; Winn, W.C.; Procop, G.W.; Schreckenberger, P.C. and Woods,G.L.(2006). The non fermentive gram negative bacilli, Color Atlas And Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6 th edition, (J.B.Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, ): 316-328.
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21. Rumyana D M , Temenuga J, Kalina D B, Ivan G Mi. (2013) Epidemiology and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, and Serratia marcescens isolates from a Bulgarian hospital: 2014 Apr; 20(2):131-7.
22. MacFaddin, J.F. (2000). Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. 3rd edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA.
23. Li, C.-Q. Chen, W. Wang, T. Rationality of combination and proportion of cefotaxime/sulbactam in vitro: January (2010) Chinese Journal of New Drugs 19(9):759-761.
24. Alexis D, Dominique D, Stéphanie C, Virginie P, Jennifer A, Patrick G, Guillaume A, and Sylvain B. 2008 Phylogeny and Identification of Pantoea Species and Typing of Pantoea agglomerans Strains by Multilocus Gene Sequencing: J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Feb; 47(2): 300–310.
25. Soutar, Craig D., and John Stavrinides. (2019). “Molecular Validation of Clinical Pantoea Isolates Identified by MALDI-TOF.” PloS One 14 (11): e0224731.
26. Jyoti S. et al. Indian J Med Res. (2010).Detection of TEM & SHV genes in Escherichia coli & Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary care hospital from India.
27. Batabyal, B. & Himanshu. (2018). Isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia
coli causing urinary urinary tract infections in children aged 1 to 12 years. Journal-bacteriology-infectious-diseases .
28. Ensor, V.M., Jamal, W., Rotimi, V.O., Evans, J.T. and Hawkey, P.M., (2009). Predominance of CTX-M-15 extended spectrum β-lactamases in diverse Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospital and
29. Wilke S. M., Lovering L.A., Strynadka CJ. N. (2005) β-Lactam antibiotic resistance: a current structural perspective Current Opinion in Microbiology Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 525-533.
30. Livermore M, D., Woodford N. (2006) The β-lactamase threat in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Trend in microbiology journal, 14( 9):413-420.
31. Carattoli A., Coque T.M.(2008) Dissemination of Clonally Related Escherichia coli Strains Expressing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase CTX-M-15, Emerging Infectious Diseases journal, 14(2): 195–200.
32. Bush K. and Jacoby G. A. (2010). Updated Functional Classification of β-Lactamases, ASM Journals, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 54(3).
33. Davin-Regli A., Pages M. J. (2015). Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae; versatile bacterial pathogens confronting antibiotic treatment
34. Chong Y. and Kamimura T. (2011). Genetic evolution and clinical impact in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 11(7): 1499-1504.
35. Salabi A., Walash R.T., Chouchani C. (2013). Extended spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and mobile genetic elements responsible for antibiotics resistance in Gramnegative bacteria, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 39(2).
36. Canton R., Akóva M., Carmeli Y. et al., (2012). Rapid evolution and spread of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(5):413-431.
37. Dhillon R. H.-P. , Clark J. (2012). ESBLs: A Clear and Present Danger? Critical Care Research and Practice.
38. Hammond M. L. (2004) Ertapenem: a Group 1 carbapenem with distinct antibacterial and pharmacological properties, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53(2): ii7–ii9.
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May 6, 2023
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Zahraa Mohammed Majeed Alrufaie, Zainab Khalil, Zahraa Yosif Motaweq, & Mohauman Mohammed AL- Rufaie. (2023). Phenotypic and Molecular Study of Pantoea spp. Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections among Pediatric Patients in Iraq. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(9), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.09.036
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