Effect Of Root Planing With Er:Cr:YSGG In Comparison With Conventional Root Planing On Periodontitis Affected Teeth- An InVitro Histomorphometric And Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) Study
Main Article Content
Keywords
Er:Cr:YSGG , NSPT, debridement - surface of root, Curettes ,Surface roughness, Stereomicroscope
Abstract
Background: A laser is a device that produces light via an optical amplification process based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic energy.Root planing is a procedure involving removal of dental plaque , calculus. It also produces smooth root surfaces . It also plains the exposed root surface . It also removes altered cementum.
Aim: The primary goal of this study is to compare the effects of Er:Cr:YSGG to traditional root planing in teeth which are extracted.
Materials And Method: A Total of 20extracted teeth was selected. In 10 extracted teeth, root planning was done with Er:Cr:YSGG with wavelength 2780nm and 10 other extracted teeth root planning was done with curette. Surface Irregularities were checked in stereomicroscope and then SEM analysis was done for the same .
Results: Root planing done with Conventional method shows better results when compared with Er:Cr:YSGG.However, the morphological data showed more irregularities were seen in laser when compared to hand instrumentation.
Conclusion: Root planing with Er:Cr:YSGG lasers as an adjuvant therapy can be effective in removing residual material from the root while having little or no detrimental thermal effect on the root surface, however the root surfaces showed increased surface imperfections. In addition, the Er:Cr:YSGG laser appears to be the best option for nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The study found that Er:Cr:YSGG lasers combined with root planing were successful in nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
References
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26. Deepanraj B, Senthilkumar N, Mala D, Sathiamourthy A. Cashew nut shell liquid as alternate fuel for CI engine—optimization approach for performance improvement. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2022 May 1;12(5):1715–28.
27. Kamath M, Rao SK, Jaison, Sridhar, Kasthuri, Gopinath, et al. Melatonin delivery from PCL scaffold enhances glycosaminoglycans deposition in human chondrocytes – Bioactive scaffold model for cartilage regeneration. Process Biochem. 2020 Dec;99:36–47.
28. Paramasivam A, Priyadharsini JV. Novel insights into m6A modification in circular RNA and implications for immunity [Internet]. Vol. 17, Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2020. p. 668–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0387-x
29. Li Z, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, Bolla SR, Lakshmanan H, Kumaran S, et al. Apoptotic induction and anti-metastatic activity of eugenol encapsulated chitosan nanopolymer on rat glioma
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30. Nambi G, Kamal W, Es S, Joshi S, Trivedi P. Spinal manipulation plus laser therapy versus laser therapy alone in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018 Dec;54(6):880–9.
31. Hakki SS, Korkusuz P, Berk G, Dundar N, Saglam M, Bozkurt B, Purali N. Comparison of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and hand instrumentation on the attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to periodontally diseased root surfaces: an in vitro study. J Periodontol 2010;81:1216-25.
32. Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA. Clinical application of erbium: YAG laser in periodontology. J Int Acad Periodontol 2008;10:22-30.
33. Rotundo R, Nieri M, Cairo F, Franceschi D, Mervelt J, Bonaccini D, Esposito M, Pini‐Prato G. Lack of adjunctive benefit of Er: YAG laser in non‐surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized split‐mouth clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37:526-33.
34. Crespi R, Barone A, Covani U. Er: YAG laser scaling of diseased root surfaces: a histologic study. J Periodontol 2006;77:218-22.
35. Maruyama H, Aoki A, Sasaki KM, Takasaki AA, Iwasaki K, Ichinose S, Oda S, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. The effect of chemical and/or mechanical conditioning on the Er: YAG laser‐treated root cementum: Analysis of surface morphology and periodontal ligament fibroblast attachment. Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40:211-22.
36. Crespi R, Barone A, Covani U. Effect of Er: YAG laser on diseased root surfaces: An in vivo study. J Periodontol 2005;76:1386-90.
37. Noori ZT, Fekrazad R, Eslami B, Etemadi A, Khosravi S, Mir M. Comparing the effects of root surface scaling with ultrasonic instruments and Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Lasers Med Sci 2008;23:283-7.
38. Crespi R, Barone A, Covani U, Ciaglia RN, Romanos GE. Effects of CO2 laser treatment on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces. A scanning electron microscopy analysis. J Periodontol 2002;73:1308-12.
39. Pant V, Dixit J, Agrawal AK, Seth PK, Pant AB. Behavior of human periodontal ligament cells on CO2 laser irradiated dentinal root surfaces: An in vitro study. J Periodontal Res 2004;39:373-9. 40. Schwarz F, Pütz N, Georg T, Reich E. Effect of an Er: YAG laser on periodontally involved root surfaces: an in vivo and in vitro SEM comparison. Lasers Surg Med 2001;29:328-35.
41. Folwaczny M, George G, Thiele L, Mehl A, Hickel R. Root surface roughness following Er: YAG laser irradiation at different radiation energies and working tip angulations. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29:598-603.
42. Ting CC, Fukuda M, Watanabe T, Aoki T, Sanaoka A, Noguchi T. Effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation on the root surface: morphologic analysis and efficiency of calculus removal. J Periodontol 2007;78:2156-64.
43. Feist IS, De Micheli G, Carneiro SR, Eduardo CP, Miyagi SP, Marques MM. Adhesion and growth of cultured human gingival fibroblasts on periodontally involved root surfaces treated by Er: YAG laser. J Periodontol 2003;74:1368-75.
44. Romanos GE, Henze M, Banihashemi S, Parsanejad HR, Winckler J, Nentwig GH. Removal of epithelium in periodontal pockets following diode (980 nm) laser application in the animal model: an in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2004;22:177-83.
45. Nivetha G, Ramamurthy J. Hard tissue laser applications in dentistry-A review. Drug Invention Today. 2019;1;11.
2. Herrero A, García-Kass AI, Gómez C, Sanz M, García-Nuñez JA. Effect of two kinds of Er: YAG laser systems on root surface in comparison to ultrasonic scaling: an in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2010;28:497-504.
3. Crespi R, Covani U, Margarone JE, Andreana S. Periodontal tissue regeneration in beagle dogs after laser therapy. Lasers Surg Med 1997;21:395-402.
4. American Academy of Periodontology. The American Academy of Periodontology statement regarding gingival curettage. J Periodontol 2002;73:1229-30.
5. Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Bryan G, Beirne PV. Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013
6. EDEN BD. Prevention strategies for periodontal diseases. Prevention in Clin Oral Health Care. 2008;1:213-29.
7. Apatzidou DA, Kinane DF. Nonsurgical mechanical treatment strategies for periodontal disease. Dent Clin North Am 2010;54:1-2.
8. Tunkel J, Heinecke A, Flemmig TF. A systematic review of efficacy of machine‐driven and manual subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29:72-81.
9. Christgau M, Männer T, Beuer S, Hiller KA, Schmalz G. Periodontal healing after non‐surgical therapy with a new ultrasonic device: a randomized controlled clinical trial.J Clin Periodontol 2007;34:137-47.
10. Schmidlin PR, Beuchat M, Busslinger A, Lehmann B, Lutz F. Tooth substance loss resulting from mechanical, sonic and ultrasonic root instrumentation assessed by liquid scintillation. J Clin Periodontol 2001;28:1058-66.
11. Kocher T, Langenbeck M, Rühling A, Plagmann HC. Subgingival polishing with a teflon‐coated sonic scaler insert in comparison to conventional instruments as assessed on extracted teeth: (I) Residual deposits. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27:243-9.
12. Braun A, Krause F, Frentzen M, Jepsen S. Efficiency of subgingival calculus removal with the Vector™‐system compared to ultrasonic scaling and hand instrumentation in vitro. J Periodontal Res 2005;40:48-52.
13. Kishida M, Sato S, Ito K. Comparison of the effects of various periodontal rotary instruments on surface characteristics of root surface. J Oral Sci 2004;46:1-8.
14. Sisera M, Hofer DJ, Sener B, Attin T, Schmidlin PR (2009) In vitro evaluation of three curettes with edge retention technology after extended use. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 119:1200–1208
15. Gross AJ, Herrmann TR. History of lasers. World J Urol 2007;25:217-20.
16. Agoob Alfergany M, Nasher R, Gutknecht N. Calculus removal and root surface roughness when using the Er: YAG or Er, Cr: YSGG laser compared with conventional instrumentation method: a literature review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019;37:197-226.
17. Maruyama H, Aoki A, Sasaki KM, Takasaki AA, Iwasaki K, Ichinose S, Oda S, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. The effect of chemical and/or mechanical conditioning on the Er: YAG laser‐treated root cementum: Analysis of surface morphology and periodontal ligament fibroblast attachment. Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40:211-22.
18. Romanos GE. Clinical applications of the Nd: YAG laser in oral soft tissue surgery and periodontology. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1994;12:103-8. 19. White JM, Goodis HE, Rose CL. Use of the pulsed Nd: YAG laser for intraoral soft tissue surgery. Lasers Surg Med 1991;11:455-61.
20. Romanos G. Current concepts in the use of lasers in periodontal and implant dentistry. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015;19:490.
21. Vadivel JK, Govindarajan M, Somasundaram E, Muthukrishnan A. Mast cell expression in oral lichen planus: A systematic review. J Investig Clin Dent. 2019 Nov;10(4):e12457.
22. Panda S, Jayakumar ND, Sankari M, Varghese SS, Kumar DS. Platelet rich fibrin and xenograft in treatment of intrabony defect. Contemp Clin Dent. 2014 Oct;5(4):550–4.
23. Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Paudel KR, Singh B, Gupta G, Rajeshkumar S, et al. Cellular signalling pathways mediating the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases: an update. Inflammopharmacology. 2020 Aug;28(4):795–817.
24. Venkatesan J, Singh SK, Anil S, Kim SK, Shim MS. Preparation, Characterization and Biological Applications of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Chitosan-Fucoidan Coating. Molecules [Internet]. 2018 Jun 12;23(6). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061429
25. Bhansali KJ, Balinge KR, Raut SU, Deshmukh SA, Senthil Kumar M, Ramesh Kumar C, et al. Visible light assisted sulfonic acid-functionalized porphyrin comprising benzimidazolium moiety for photocatalytic transesterification of castor oil. Fuel. 2021 Nov 15;304:121490.
26. Deepanraj B, Senthilkumar N, Mala D, Sathiamourthy A. Cashew nut shell liquid as alternate fuel for CI engine—optimization approach for performance improvement. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2022 May 1;12(5):1715–28.
27. Kamath M, Rao SK, Jaison, Sridhar, Kasthuri, Gopinath, et al. Melatonin delivery from PCL scaffold enhances glycosaminoglycans deposition in human chondrocytes – Bioactive scaffold model for cartilage regeneration. Process Biochem. 2020 Dec;99:36–47.
28. Paramasivam A, Priyadharsini JV. Novel insights into m6A modification in circular RNA and implications for immunity [Internet]. Vol. 17, Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2020. p. 668–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0387-x
29. Li Z, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, Bolla SR, Lakshmanan H, Kumaran S, et al. Apoptotic induction and anti-metastatic activity of eugenol encapsulated chitosan nanopolymer on rat glioma
C6 cells via alleviating the MMP signaling pathway [Internet]. Vol. 203, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 2020. p. 111773. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111773
30. Nambi G, Kamal W, Es S, Joshi S, Trivedi P. Spinal manipulation plus laser therapy versus laser therapy alone in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018 Dec;54(6):880–9.
31. Hakki SS, Korkusuz P, Berk G, Dundar N, Saglam M, Bozkurt B, Purali N. Comparison of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and hand instrumentation on the attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to periodontally diseased root surfaces: an in vitro study. J Periodontol 2010;81:1216-25.
32. Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA. Clinical application of erbium: YAG laser in periodontology. J Int Acad Periodontol 2008;10:22-30.
33. Rotundo R, Nieri M, Cairo F, Franceschi D, Mervelt J, Bonaccini D, Esposito M, Pini‐Prato G. Lack of adjunctive benefit of Er: YAG laser in non‐surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized split‐mouth clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2010;37:526-33.
34. Crespi R, Barone A, Covani U. Er: YAG laser scaling of diseased root surfaces: a histologic study. J Periodontol 2006;77:218-22.
35. Maruyama H, Aoki A, Sasaki KM, Takasaki AA, Iwasaki K, Ichinose S, Oda S, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. The effect of chemical and/or mechanical conditioning on the Er: YAG laser‐treated root cementum: Analysis of surface morphology and periodontal ligament fibroblast attachment. Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40:211-22.
36. Crespi R, Barone A, Covani U. Effect of Er: YAG laser on diseased root surfaces: An in vivo study. J Periodontol 2005;76:1386-90.
37. Noori ZT, Fekrazad R, Eslami B, Etemadi A, Khosravi S, Mir M. Comparing the effects of root surface scaling with ultrasonic instruments and Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Lasers Med Sci 2008;23:283-7.
38. Crespi R, Barone A, Covani U, Ciaglia RN, Romanos GE. Effects of CO2 laser treatment on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces. A scanning electron microscopy analysis. J Periodontol 2002;73:1308-12.
39. Pant V, Dixit J, Agrawal AK, Seth PK, Pant AB. Behavior of human periodontal ligament cells on CO2 laser irradiated dentinal root surfaces: An in vitro study. J Periodontal Res 2004;39:373-9. 40. Schwarz F, Pütz N, Georg T, Reich E. Effect of an Er: YAG laser on periodontally involved root surfaces: an in vivo and in vitro SEM comparison. Lasers Surg Med 2001;29:328-35.
41. Folwaczny M, George G, Thiele L, Mehl A, Hickel R. Root surface roughness following Er: YAG laser irradiation at different radiation energies and working tip angulations. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29:598-603.
42. Ting CC, Fukuda M, Watanabe T, Aoki T, Sanaoka A, Noguchi T. Effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation on the root surface: morphologic analysis and efficiency of calculus removal. J Periodontol 2007;78:2156-64.
43. Feist IS, De Micheli G, Carneiro SR, Eduardo CP, Miyagi SP, Marques MM. Adhesion and growth of cultured human gingival fibroblasts on periodontally involved root surfaces treated by Er: YAG laser. J Periodontol 2003;74:1368-75.
44. Romanos GE, Henze M, Banihashemi S, Parsanejad HR, Winckler J, Nentwig GH. Removal of epithelium in periodontal pockets following diode (980 nm) laser application in the animal model: an in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2004;22:177-83.
45. Nivetha G, Ramamurthy J. Hard tissue laser applications in dentistry-A review. Drug Invention Today. 2019;1;11.
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Apr 11, 2023
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B.A.Deepika, Jaiganesh Ramamurthy, & Chitra .S. (2023). Effect Of Root Planing With Er:Cr:YSGG In Comparison With Conventional Root Planing On Periodontitis Affected Teeth- An InVitro Histomorphometric And Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) Study. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(6), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.06.015
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