ASSESSMENT OF BONE HEALING AFTER CYST ENUCLEATION USING CONE BEAM CT IN PATIENTS VISITING TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Abstract

Introduction: Odontogenic cysts are common pathological lesions of the jaws that often necessitate surgical intervention, such as enucleation, to prevent recurrence and restore oral function. Following cyst removal, the natural healing of the osseous defect is a critical component of postoperative recovery. Traditional radiographs offer limited insight into the three-dimensional healing process. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool, enabling precise visualization and quantification of bone regeneration.

Objective: This study aims to assess bone healing following cyst enucleation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in AIDC after obtaining approval from the ERC of the institution, involving patients diagnosed with odontogenic cysts requiring surgical enucleation. Pre-operative and post-operative CBCT scans were obtained to evaluate bone healing over a follow-up period of 3 to 12 months. Quantitative assessment of bone regeneration was performed using volumetric and density-based measurements. Clinical data, including age, gender, cyst size, location, and healing time, were recorded and correlated with radiographic outcomes.

Results: A total of 40 patients (22 males, 18 females; mean age 32.5 ± 9.6 years) were included. The mandible was more frequently involved (65%) than the maxilla. CBCT analysis revealed a significant reduction in cystic cavity volume (p < 0.001) and a progressive increase in bone density during the follow-up period. Complete radiographic healing was observed in 70% of cases within 9–12 months post-surgery. Delayed healing was associated with larger cyst size (>2.5 cm) and older age groups.

Conclusion: CBCT provides a reliable and detailed modality for assessing bone healing following cyst enucleation. The findings suggest that most cystic defects undergo substantial bone regeneration within 9–12 months, with healing outcomes influenced by lesion size and patient age. These results support the routine use of CBCT in postoperative evaluation to enhance clinical decision-making and patient management.